ABSTRACT
This article contributes a study of Maria Serrallach Juliá (1905-1992), one of the first specialised librarians in Spain. Between 1937 and 1975, she directed the Seminary of Chemistry of the University of Barcelona (initials in Spanish, SQUB), the name given to the space that resulted from the merger of the libraries of the Faculties of Pharmacy and Chemistry of the University. Serrallach turned the SQUB into a modern scientific documentation centre offering services that were practically non-existent in the rest of Spain. The publications and educational activity of Serrallach are also analysed. The history of the SQUB is studied until 1984, when SQUB was transformed into the Library of the Faculties of Physics and Chemistry of the University of Barcelona.
Subject(s)
Chemistry/history , History of Pharmacy , Librarians/history , History, 20th Century , Spain , UniversitiesABSTRACT
En este trabajo se ofrece un estudio sobre María Serrallach Juliá (1905-1992) una de las primeras bibliotecarias especializadas de nuestro país que, entre 1937 y 1975, dirigió el Seminario de Química de la Universidad de Barcelona (SQUB), una biblioteca resultante de la fusión de las de las Facultades de Farmacia y Químicas de la Universidad de Barcelona. Serrallach convirtió el SQUB en un moderno centro de documentación científica, pues ofertó servicios que eran prácticamente inexistentes en el resto de España. En el artículo se estudian también las publicaciones y la actividad docente de Serrallach y se analiza la evolución del SQUB hasta 1984, en que se transformó en la Biblioteca de las Facultades de Física y Química de dicha Universidad catalana (AU)
his article contributes a study of Maria Serrallach Juliá (1905-1992), one of the first specialised librarians in Spain. Between 1937 and 1975, she directed the Seminary of Chemistry of the University of Barcelona (initials in Spanish, SQUB), the name given to the space that resulted from the merger of the libraries of the Faculties of Pharmacy and Chemistry of the University. Serrallach turned the SQUB into a modern scientific documentation centre offering services that were practically non-existent in the rest of Spain. The publications and educational activity of Serrallach are also analysed. The history of the SQUB is studied until 1984, when SQUB was transformed into the Library of the Faculties of Physics and Chemistry of the University of Barcelona (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Libraries, Medical/history , Documentation/history , Chemistry/education , Universities/historyABSTRACT
In the summer of 1796, Pedro María González, a surgeon trained at the College of Cadiz, took part in an expedition commissioned by the Cadiz Consulate with the aim of initiating trading relationships with Smyrna, the most important commercial centre in the Ottoman Empire. On his return, he wrote a document to facilitate future business ventures by Spaniards, describing in detail the customs and traditions of the various social and ethnic groups that inhabited the city of Smyrna. In this paper, I analyse the view of the Turks held by Europeans in the 17th and 18th centuries and the ideological and conceptual factors underlying their negative opinions. I then describe the viewpoint of González himself, especially in relation to Jews, the ethnic group he studied in greatest depth. The fact that they shared a common language, Spanish, undoubtedly facilitated his relationships and his close analysis.
Subject(s)
Jews/history , Prejudice , Anthropology, Cultural , Expeditions/history , General Surgery/history , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , Humans , Spain , TurkeyABSTRACT
Juan José Heydeck (n. 1755) es una turbia figura que en los últimos años está adquiriendo ciertorelieve historiográfico. Se ha sobrevalorado, en exceso, su falso hallazgo de una vacuna contra laviruela en cabras de Madrid. En esta nota, que es respuesta a un artículo aparecido en esta revistaen 2006, se revisa historiográficamente a este personaje y se demuestra la falsedad de su hallazgo,fruto de su ambiciosa y desmedida ambición
Juan Jose Heydeck (b. 1755) is a turbid figure that in the last years he is acquiring certain historicalrelief. His false find of a vaccine has been overvalued, in excess, against the smallpox in goatsof Madrid. In this note, which is a response to an article appeared in Asclepio in 2006, this personageis checked from an historical point of view and there is demonstrated the falsehood of his find,fruit of his excessive ambition
Subject(s)
Humans , Smallpox Vaccine/history , Scientific Misconduct/history , Biomedical Research/history , History, 19th Century , Peer Review, ResearchABSTRACT
The Unión Médica Hispano-Americana was founded during the XIII International Congress of Medicine of Paris in 1900. Its main aim was to strengthen the cultural and scientific ties among Spanish speaking countries. The first assembly took place in Madrid in the Spring of 1903. The most interesting paper presented was undoubtedly that of Manuel Tolosa Latour. He suggested creating a Diccionario Tecnológico Médico Hispano-Americano. The society had no continuity and neither did the dictionary. The reasons for this failure must be seen in the absence of economic support by political authorities in Spain and America, the organizational weakness of the Unión and the poverty of its action program, which was imbued with a triumphalist rhetoric, empty of content and highly paternalistic in its relations with the American world.
Subject(s)
Dictionaries, Medical as Topic , International Cooperation/history , Societies, Medical/history , Americas , Congresses as Topic/history , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Paternalism , Societies, Medical/organization & administration , SpainABSTRACT
A notorious teacher and search of the spanish Medical School of Granada was Eduardo Garcia Solá (1845-1922). He is well known as an early introductor of laboratory medicine in Spain and dedicated many publications to medical microbiology and morbid anatomy. An aspect of his scientific biography not well known is analyzed in this paper, his labor as a reformer of medical teaching and his historicomedical work.
Subject(s)
History of Medicine , Laboratories , Medicine , Research , Education/history , Education/standards , Education/trends , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Laboratories/history , Laboratories/standards , Laboratories/statistics & numerical data , Research/classification , Research/history , Research/standards , Research/trends , Research Design , SpainABSTRACT
La biografía es un modo de hacer historia de la medicina que cuenta con una larga tradición. Es, quzás, uno de los métodos más clásicos y reconocidos. Aunque aparentemente pueda parecer fácil y sencillo, si se realiza con seriedad y rigor es francamente difícil. Diversos condicionantes de tipo psicológico -especialmente, la identificación del historiador con el biografiado- pueden convertir una biografía en una caricatura carente de interés y proyección. Los acercamientos provincianos y el énfasis en el precursorismo pueden contribuir también a deslucir este método. Más reciente es la prosopografía, o estudio biográfico de una colectividad afín. En la prosopografía es más dificil que se den los inconvenientes antes señalados, pero es un acercamiento más laborioso y exigente. Una y otro pueden ser de gran utilidad como apoyo en la enseñanza de la historia de la medicina, especialmente si se tiene en cuenta el parco conocimiento con que los alumnos llegan a nuestra disciplina en el momento presente
As a historical method biography has a long tradition in the studies of the history of medicine. Is perhaps one of the most classical and used methods, but is very difficult when is applied seriously. Many problems, especially form a psychological point of view -identity of the historian with the subject of the biography- can do the results of this approach be without interest. Parochialism and precursorism are circumstances that the historian must avoid too. Historically prosopography, the study of a collectivity of scientists, is a more recent method. Apparently is more objective, but required more effort. Both, biography and prosopography, can be very useful int he teaching of the history of medicine at present moment, specially when students have a very little knowledge of the greats paradigms of the present medicine
Subject(s)
Physicians/history , History of Medicine , Historiography , Education/history , Education, Medical/history , Manuscript, Medical/history , Education, Medical, Graduate/history , Education, Medical, Undergraduate/historyABSTRACT
En este trabajo se reconstruyen las primeras fases del proceso de introducción de la vacuna de Edward Jenner en España. Los límites cronológicos del mismo -1799 y 1805- se corresponden con la fecha de la primera edición de una obra provacunista en nuestro país, y con el edicto de creación de las salas de vacunación en los hospitales peninsulares. Las Academias de Medicina de Madrid y Barcelona, médicos, cirujanos, burgueses y sacerdotes, tuvieron un papel relevante en esta difusión. El Estado, sin embargo, no actúo de forma decidida hasta fechas más tardías. También se estudia la aparición de algunos pícaros que intentaron aprovecharse ante la posibilidad de una falta de pus vacunal (AU)
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , Smallpox Vaccine/history , SpainABSTRACT
El presente trabajo pretende analizar y explicar la creación del Instituto Bibliográfico Mexicano en 1899. Este centro, iniciado y potenciado desde la iniciativa de la Royal Society y su International Catalogue of Scientific Literature, desarrolló toda una infraestructura documental a semejanza de las existentes en algunas naciones europeas en esos años (caso de Francia o el Imperio austríaco). El hecho de que fuera México el único país de habla hispana que participó en los congresos internacionales y en la confección del catálogo desde sus inicios propició el decidido apoyo gubernamental con la esperanza, además, de que sirviera de acicate para la creación de una estable comunidad científica. Ello no fue posible por la subordinación de la ciencia mexicana de aquel tiempo a la norteamericana y francesa y porque, como ya han puesto de manifiesto Polanco y Saldaña, los intentos de imitación u ósmosis de las periferías científicas a modelos centrales fracasaron en su mayor parte, a pesar de que, como en este caso, permitieron la conservación de algunos de los proyectos y su infraestructura (AU)
